| Picture | Term | Info | Memo | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
Axoplasm
das Axoplasma
Axoplasma
Аксоплазма | The cytoplasm within the axon of a neuron. It is composed of various organelles and cytoskeletal elements. The axoplasm contains a high concentration of elongated mitochondria, microfilaments, and microtubules. Axoplasm lacks much of the cellular machinery (ribosomes and nucleus) required to transcribe and translate complex proteins. | Copy to my visuals | ||
Axolemma
das Axolemm
Axolema
Аксолемма | The cell membrane covering an axon. It abounds with ion-conducting channels. | Copy to my visuals | ||
Pineal gland
die Zirbeldrüse (Epiphyse)
Glándula pineal (epífisis)
Эпифиз (шишковидная железа) | Located in the epithalamus, near the center of the brain, between the two hemispheres. Produces melatonin, a serotonin-derived hormone, which modulates sleep patterns following the diurnal cycles. The shape of the gland resembles a pine cone, which gives it its name. | Copy to my visuals | ||
Hippocampus
der Hippocampus
Hipocampo
Гиппокамп | Structure of the medial temporal lobe. Plays important roles in the consolidation of information from short-term memory to long-term memory, and in spatial memory that enables navigation. | Copy to my visuals | ||
Central sulcus
der Sulcus centralis
Surco central
Центральная борозда | A prominent landmark of the brain, separating the parietal lobe from the frontal lobe and the primary motor cortex from the primary somatosensory cortex. | Copy to my visuals | ||
Sensory neuron
das sensorische Neuron
Neurona sensitiva
Сенсорный нейрон (чувствительный нейрон) | It converts a specific type of stimulus, via it's receptors, into action potentials or graded receptor potentials. This process is called sensory transduction. | Copy to my visuals | ||
White matter
die weiße Substanz
Sustancia blanca
Белое вещество | Areas of the central nervous system that are mainly made up of myelinated axons | Copy to my visuals | ||
Gray matter (Grey matter)
die graue Substanz
Sustancia gris
Серое вещество | A major component of the central nervous system, consisting of neuronal cell bodies, neuropil (dendrites and unmyelinated axons), glial cells (astrocytes and oligodendrocytes), synapses, and capillaries. | Copy to my visuals | ||
Prefrontal cortex
der präfrontale Kortex
Corteza prefrontal
Префронтальная кора | The prefrontal cortex grants us executive function, or the ability to make complex and socially mindful decisions. The prefrontal cortex must filter out unimportant sensations, focus our attention on the task at hand, and contextualize our decisions with memories of the past and predictions about how our behavior will influence the future. Behaviors and personality traits unique to humans often depend on the prefrontal cortex. | Copy to my visuals | ||
Telencephalon
das Endhirn (Telencephalon)
Telencéfalo
Конечный мозг | Отдел переднего мозга, включающий большие полушария. | Copy to my visuals | ||
Purkinje cell
die Purkinje-Zelle
Клетка Пуркинье | Крупный тормозной нейрон коры мозжечка. | Copy to my visuals | ||
Basal ganglia
die Basalganglien
Базальные ганглии | The basal ganglia are a group of brain structures that control voluntary movements, habitual behaviors, and emotions. The basal ganglia are comprised of six structures: caudate nucleus, globus pallidus, nucleus accumbens, putamen, substantia nigra, and subthalamic nucleus. The location of the basal ganglia—underneath the cerebral cortex but on top of the brainstem—reflects its role as an intermediary between our higher thoughts, our sensations, and our reflexes. | Copy to my visuals | ||
Corpus callosum
der Balken (Corpus callosum)
Мозолистое тело | The corpus callosum is a thick, wide bundle of neural connections linking the left and right hemispheres of the cerebral cortex. Neurons in either hemisphere stretch their axons (neural wires) through the corpus callosum to communicate with neurons in the opposite hemisphere. Specialized cells called glia wrap fatty deposits, known as myelin, around these axons to provide insulation for electrical signals, akin to the rubber insulation found on electrical wires. The corpus callosum contains so much fatty myelin that it is white in appearance—making it known as white matter. Grey matter, which contains the cell bodies of neurons, is where computations are made in the brain, while white matter is the superhighway for all that information—and the corpus callosum is the biggest superhighway in the brain. | Copy to my visuals | ||
Pituitary gland
die Hypophyse
Гипофиз | The pituitary gland produces and releases hormones controlling various bodily functions and behaviors. It is a key component of the endocrine system and helps relay signals from the hypothalamus to glands throughout the body. For example, the hypothalamus sends signals to the pituitary gland; the pituitary gland then releases hormones into the bloodstream; these hormones reach additional glands in the body, spurring the release of other hormones; and those final hormones circulate back up to the hypothalamus, which interprets the meaning of those hormones for the brain in order to regulate behavior. The regulation of stress, growth, and reproduction are three of the various responsibilities of the pituitary gland. | Copy to my visuals |